Vitamin B12 Deficiency
B12 only in animal products. Vegans, 50+ adults, gastric surgery patients, autoimmune gastritis sufferers at risk. Deficiency causes irreversible nerve damage if prolonged — early diagnosis critical.
Symptoms
Extreme fatigue, weakness, sore tongue (glossitis), tingling (hands/feet), balance issues, memory problems, depression, dementia-like symptoms (in elderly).
Test and Treatment
Serum B12 + methylmalonic acid + homocysteine. Low B12 (<300 pg/mL) requires supplementation. Treatment: oral 1000 mcg/day or IM injection. Vegans MUST take 25 mcg daily or 2000 mcg weekly.
- •Animal sources: chicken, fish, egg, dairy
- •Fortified plant milk, nutritional yeast
- •Algae B12 'analogs' inactive — no benefit
Frequently Asked Questions
Is deficiency reversible?▼
Early — yes. Long-term nerve damage may be permanent. Vegans must supplement.
Scientific References
- Stabler SP (2013) Vitamin B12 deficiency. NEJM.
This content is for general information only and does not replace medical advice. Consult your physician or a registered dietitian for personalized guidance.